UK Data: Code utilities

• is_valid_ip_address — Validates whether a string is a properly formatted IPv4 address with four octets (0-255) separated by dots. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_max_subarray_sum — Finds the maximum sum of any contiguous subarray using Kadane's algorithm. (cost: 1 credit)
• merge_dictionaries — Merges two dictionaries into a single dictionary, with values from the second dictionary overwriting those from the first for duplicate keys. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_kth_smallest — Finds the kth smallest number in an unsorted list (1-indexed, where k=1 returns the smallest element). (cost: 1 credit)
• count_bits — Counts the number of set bits (1's) in the binary representation of a non-negative integer. (cost: 1 credit)
• binary_search — Performs binary search on a sorted list to find the index of a target value, returning -1 if not found. (cost: 1 credit)
• reverse_string — Reverses the order of characters in a given string, returning the string backwards. (cost: 1 credit)
• min_meeting_rooms — Finds the minimum number of meeting rooms required to accommodate all meetings given their time intervals. Uses interval scheduling algorithm. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_next_greater_element — For each element in a list, finds the next greater element to its right. Returns -1 if no greater element exists. (cost: 1 credit)
• binary_addition — Adds two binary numbers represented as strings and returns the sum as a binary string. Performs binary arithmetic with carry propagation. (cost: 1 credit)
• is_palindrome — Checks if a string is a valid palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring case and spaces. (cost: 1 credit)
• sort_numbers — Sorts a list of numbers in ascending order using a deterministic sorting algorithm. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_pairs_with_sum — Finds all unique pairs of integers in a list that sum to a specified target value. Returns pairs as arrays. (cost: 1 credit)
• is_perfect_square — Checks if a number is a perfect square (i.e., the square of an integer). (cost: 1 credit)
• find_n_largest — Finds the n largest numbers from a list and returns them in descending order. (cost: 1 credit)
• is_valid_parentheses — Checks if a string contains properly balanced and nested parentheses, brackets, and braces. Returns true if every opening symbol has a matching closing symbol i
• find_minimum_rotated_sorted_array — Finds the minimum element in a rotated sorted array using binary search. The array was originally sorted in ascending order then rotated at some pivot point. (c
• flatten_list — Flattens a nested list structure into a single-level list by recursively extracting all elements regardless of nesting depth. (cost: 1 credit)
• is_anagram — Checks if two words are anagrams by comparing if they contain the same characters with the same frequencies, ignoring case and whitespace. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_first_non_repeating_char — Finds the first character in a string that appears only once. Returns null if all characters repeat. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_equilibrium_index — Finds the equilibrium index in an array where the sum of elements to the left equals the sum of elements to the right. Returns -1 if no such index exists. (cost
• find_missing_number — Finds the missing number in a sequence of integers from 0 to n where exactly one number is missing. Uses sum formula or XOR method. (cost: 1 credit)
• is_power — Checks if a given number is an exact integer power of a specified base. Returns true if num = base^k for some non-negative integer k, false otherwise. (cost: 1
• find_longest_word — Finds and returns the longest word in a given text string. If multiple words have the same maximum length, returns the first occurrence. (cost: 1 credit)
• can_attend_meetings — Determines if a person can attend all meetings given a list of time intervals by checking for overlapping time slots. Returns true if no meetings conflict, fals
• is_rotation — Checks if one string is a rotation of another string by verifying if str1 appears in str2 concatenated with itself. Returns true if str1 is a rotation of str2,
• find_peak_element — Finds a peak element in a list where an element is greater than its neighbors. Returns the index of any peak element found. (cost: 1 credit)
• find_duplicate_number — Finds the duplicate number in a list of integers where exactly one number appears more than once. Returns the duplicate value. (cost: 1 credit)
• is_sum_of_cubes — Checks if a number equals the sum of the cubes of its digits (e.g., 153 = 1³ + 5³ + 3³). Returns true if the condition holds, false otherwise. (cost: 1 credit)
• validate_sudoku — Checks if a 9x9 Sudoku board is valid by verifying that each row, column, and 3x3 sub-grid contains no duplicate digits 1-9. Returns true if valid, false otherw
• find_majority_element — Finds the majority element in a list that appears more than ⌊n/2⌋ times using Boyer-Moore voting algorithm. Returns the majority element if it exists, null othe
• merge_sorted_lists — Merges two sorted lists into a single sorted list maintaining ascending order. Returns the merged sorted list. (cost: 1 credit)

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