KnowJudges

 ⟨651 unchanged words⟩ :"object"},"type":"array"},"specialty_programs":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"coordinator":{"type":"string"},"counties":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"hosts":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"knowjudges_url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"relationship_status":{"type":"string"}},"required":["name","knowjudges_url","relationship_status"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"judges":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"}},"required":["name","url"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"name":{"type":"string"},"presiding_judge_names":{"type":"string"},"source_date":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_url":{"type":"string"},"type_codes":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"}},"required":["name","type_codes","counties","presiding_judge_names","coordinator","email","source_url","judges","hosts"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"summary":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨11 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨114 unchanged words⟩ "},{"type":"null"}]},"organization":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"all_relationships_url":{"type":"string"},"relationships":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"relationship":{"type":"string"},"source":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"kind":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["name","kind","url"],"type":"object"},"source_checked_dates":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"},"source_urls":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"},"status":{"type":"string"},"target":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"kind":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["name","kind","url"],"type":"object"},"warning":{"type":"string"}},"required":["source","target","relationship","status","warning","source_urls","source_checked_dates"],"type":"object"},"maxItems":10,"type":"array"},"total":{"maximum":9007199254740991,"minimum":0,"type":"integer"}},"required":["total","all_relationships_url","relationships"],"type":"object"},"phone":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨143 unchanged words⟩ 

Get saved immigration judge or court analyticsoutcomes using aits canonical public profile URL. Defaults to asylum outcomes across all saved years; filterFilter jointly by nationality, calendar or fiscalcalendar/fiscal proceeding-completion year, and recorded court state. Explicit metric proceeding_removal_rate provides broaderAsylum proceedinggrant/denial outcomespercentages byuse nationality+calendargrant-coded year,plus notdenied asylumoutcomes; rates.procedural Returnsoutcomes counts,are denominator,separate. sourcesSamples andbelow coverage.35 Courtdecisions asylumare totalslabeled; groupno historicaldecisions outcomesmeans ofno currentlyrate. assignedReturns judges;sources theyand arecoverage. notUse historicalproceeding_removal_rate court-locationonly totals.for Missingexplicitly datarequested isbroader notproceeding zero.outcomes.

 ⟨153 unchanged words⟩ "minimum":0,"type":"integer"},"grant_rate":{"anyOf":[{"maximum":100,"minimum":0,"type":"number"},{"type":"null"}]},"granted":{"maximum":9007199254740991,"minimum":0, ⟨27 unchanged words⟩ "number"},{"type":"null"}]},"sample_note":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["name","profile_url","court_name", ⟨2 unchanged words⟩ denied","other_outcomes","excluded","decisions","grant_rate","denial_rate","removal_rate","sample_note","current_roster_count","analytics_judge_count"],"type":" ⟨57 unchanged words⟩ 

Use this tool for questions aboutAnswer a named judge's courtroom presentation or practice rules, includingquestion PowerPoint,using video,documented demonstratives,findings advanceand exchange,source exhibits,links. orResolve courtroomjudge_url technology.with Resolvefind_judges. theUse judge'sup canonicalto profile10 URLtopics withto find_judgesfocus whenon neededmaterials, thenprocedures, answeror froma thesenamed findingspart. Put relevant judge-specific requirements first and underlyingretain source links.deadlines. Federal/national,Summary statewide,Jury Trial and courtwideCommercial findingsDivision areguidance broaderis conditional. Broader rules, are not personal preferences; ifpreferences. judge-specificMissing findings areestablish absent,neither statepermission thatnor limitprohibition. Answer without looking up court metadata or a judge roster unless the user asks for them. Up to 10 optional topics narrow the findings; missing findings do not establish permission.asks.

Get one judge's public KnowJudges profile using the canonical profile URL from find_judges. Use for an identity and assignment overview;assignments; use get_judge_biography for biography questions and get_courtroom_presentation_rules for practicepractice. questions.Preserve Optionalstated fieldsuncertainty: mayan beassignment unavailable.end date does not by itself end judicial service or establish a senior-status transition. Source check dates describe individual evidence checks; last_updated describes the published profilepublication. update.Missing Findingsfields reflectare availableunavailable documentation;information. broaderBroader rules mustare not be presented as personal preferences.

 ⟨21 unchanged words⟩ when the canonical KnowJudges profile URL is unknown. Specifically named matches may have historical or uncertain service; retain their reported status. Returns at most 10 matches linked to canonical  ⟨8 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨6 unchanged words⟩ URL, core metadata, and up to 10 current judges classified as current when the user asks for court information or  ⟨8 unchanged words⟩  or practice rules, use get_courtroom_presentation_rules. Use the canonical court_url returned byfrom find_court. CurrentCounts judgescover includeindexed profiles classified as active, senior, recalled, andor visiting service., Thenot currentan judgeindependently countverified reflectscomplete indexedbench. canonicalRetain assignments;roster thecoverage returnedand rosterlocation-specific iscontact boundednotes. andNo haspagination nois pagination.available. An empty roster indicatesmeans no indexed current matches, not proof that the court has no judges.matches; Aa null count means the indexedunavailable roster was unavailable.data.

 ⟨14 unchanged words⟩ "},{"type":"null"}]},"contact_note":{"type":"string"},"counties":{"items":{"type":"string" ⟨10 unchanged words⟩ ,"court_url":{"type":"string"},"locations":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"clerk_phone":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"county":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"location_name":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"mailing_address":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"official_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"phone":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"physical_address":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_checked_at":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"type":"object"},"maxItems":10,"type":"array"},"mailing_address":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"name":{"type":"string"},"official_url" ⟨43 unchanged words⟩ ,"phone","clerk_phone","source_url","source_checked_at","contact_note","locations"],"type":"object"},"current_judge_count":{ ⟨80 unchanged words⟩ 10,"minimum":1,"type":"integer"},"roster_coverage":{"type":"string"},"roster_truncated":{"type":"boolean"}},"required":["court","roster_coverage","roster_truncated","limit","current_judge_count","judges"],"type":"object"}

 ⟨10 unchanged words⟩ items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"applicability":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"category":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨117 unchanged words⟩ "},{"type":"null"}]},"assignment_type":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"county":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨6 unchanged words⟩ },{"type":"null"}]},"court_level":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"identity_note":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string" ⟨151 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨297 unchanged words⟩ items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"applicability":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"category":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨117 unchanged words⟩ "},{"type":"null"}]},"assignment_type":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"county":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨6 unchanged words⟩ },{"type":"null"}]},"court_level":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"identity_note":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string" ⟨205 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨46 unchanged words⟩ {"type":"string"},"state":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["name","state","court_url"],"type":"object"}, ⟨11 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨53 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"court_level":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"court_name":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"display_name":{"type":"string"},"guidance_scopes" ⟨2 unchanged words⟩ :"string"},"type":"array"},"human_reviewedjudicial_role":{"anyOf":[{"type":"booleanstring"},"judicial_role":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"presentation_posture":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"profile_url":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"service_statusprofile_url":{"type":"string"},"stateservice_status":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"}},{"requiredtype":["display_namenull"}]},"state",:{"countyanyOf",:[{"court_nametype",:"court_levelstring"},{"judicial_roletype",:"service_statusnull"}]}},"presentation_posturerequired",:["human_revieweddisplay_name","guidance_scopes","profile_url"],"type":" ⟨12 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨77 unchanged words⟩  not proof that the court has no judges. A null count means the indexed roster was unavailable.

 ⟨6 unchanged words⟩ court":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"clerk_phone":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"counties":{"items":{"type":"string" ⟨10 unchanged words⟩ ,"court_url":{"type":"string"},"mailing_address":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"name":{"type":"string"},"stateofficial_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"requiredphone":{"anyOf":[{"nametype":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"physical_address":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_checked_at":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"state":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["name","court_url","court_levels","counties","official_url","physical_address","mailing_address","phone","clerk_phone","source_url","source_checked_at"],"type":"object"},"current_judge_count":{"anyOf":[{"maximum":9007199254740991,"minimum":0,"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}]},"judges":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false," ⟨5 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"court_level":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"court_name":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"display_name":{"type":"string"},"guidance_scopes" ⟨2 unchanged words⟩ :"string"},"type":"array"},"human_reviewedjudicial_role":{"anyOf":[{"type":"booleanstring"},"judicial_role":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"presentation_posture":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"profile_url":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"service_statusprofile_url":{"type":"string"},"stateservice_status":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"}},{"requiredtype":["display_namenull"}]},"state",:{"countyanyOf",:[{"court_nametype",:"court_levelstring"},{"judicial_roletype",:"service_statusnull"}]}},"presentation_posturerequired",:["human_revieweddisplay_name","guidance_scopes","profile_url"],"type":" ⟨19 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨35 unchanged words⟩ answer from these findings and underlying source links. CourtwideFederal/national, statewide, and courtwide findings are relevantbroader rules, not personal preferences; if judge-specific findings  ⟨34 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨11 unchanged words⟩ additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"category":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"confidence_reason":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"effective_date":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"evidence_excerpt":{"anyOf":[{"maxLength":800,"type":"string"},"evidence_type":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"posturelast_verified":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"proceeding_stage":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"scopeposture":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"source_pagetype":"null"}]},"proceeding_stage":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_sectionscope":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_titlesource_page":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_urlsource_section":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"summarysource_title":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"topic":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"verification_statussource_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"}},{"requiredtype":["topic","categorynull"}]},"summary","posture",:{"scopeanyOf",:[{"proceeding_stagetype",:"evidence_typestring"},{"source_urltype",:"source_titlenull"}]},"evidence_excerpttopic",:{"source_pageanyOf",:[{"source_sectiontype",:"effective_datestring"},{"verification_statustype",:"confidence_reasonnull"}]}},"type":"object"},"type":"array ⟨1 unchanged words⟩ additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"canonical_name":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"county":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"court":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"court_assignments":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false," ⟨17 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"court":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"court_level":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"judicial_role":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"jurisdiction_type":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"service_status":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"source_urlservice_status":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"requiredsource_url":[{"courtanyOf",:[{"court_leveltype",:"judicial_rolestring"},{"countytype",:"service_statusnull"}]}},"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"court_level":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"human_reviewed":{"type":"booleannull"}]},"judicial_role":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"judicial_services":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false," ⟨11 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"judicial_role":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"service_status":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"requiredservice_status":{"anyOf":[{"judicial_roletype",:"service_statusstring"},{"active_fromtype",:"active_tonull"}]}},"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"jurisdiction_type":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"last_updated":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨3 unchanged words⟩ {"type":"string"},"official_profile_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"presentation_posture":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"profile_url":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"service_statusprofile_url":{"type":"string"},"source_authorityservice_status":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"state":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"requiredsource_authority":[{"nameanyOf",:[{"canonical_nametype",:"statestring"},{"countytype",:"courtnull"}]},"court_levelstate",:{"jurisdiction_typeanyOf",:[{"judicial_roletype",:"service_statusstring"},{"judicial_servicestype",:"court_assignmentsnull"}]}},"official_profile_urlrequired",:["source_authorityname","presentation_posturejudicial_services","human_reviewedcourt_assignments","profile_url"],"type":"object"}, ⟨14 unchanged words⟩ ,"required":["judge","requested_topics","findings","scope_note","disclaimer"],"type":"object"}

 ⟨24 unchanged words⟩ than courtroom practice. Preserves date granularity, provenance, coverage gaps, and verificationsource status;check dates; age is returned only for a valid full date of birth, otherwise null. Missing biography fields mean unavailable information, not a failed lookup.

 ⟨91 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"school":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"}},{"requiredtype":["school","degree","degree_yearnull"}]}},"type":"object"},"type":"array ⟨33 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"party":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source":{"anyOf":[{"enum":["Ballot","Appointer","Other","Unspecified"],"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"startDate":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["party","source","startDate","endDate"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"} ⟨39 unchanged words⟩ additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"court":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"last_updated":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨7 unchanged words⟩ "string"}},"required":["name","court","profile_url"],"type":"object"},"research" ⟨5 unchanged words⟩ items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"confidencefield":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"field":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"source_url":{"anyOf":[{"type": ⟨6 unchanged words⟩ "string"},{"type":"null"}]},"verification_status":{"type":"string"}},"required":["field","source_url","verification_status","confidence","supporting_quote"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"fields_foundlast_checked":{"itemsanyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"arraynull"}]},"fields_not_publicly_foundsources":{"items":{"typeadditionalProperties":"string"}false,"typeproperties":"array"},{"fields_pendingofficial":{"itemsanyOf":[{"type":"stringboolean"},{"type":"arraynull"}]},"sourcespublished_at":{"itemsanyOf":[{"additionalProperties":false,"propertiestype":{"officialstring":},{"type":"booleannull"}]},"published_atpublisher":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"publisherretrieved_at":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"source_type":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"title":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"required":["url","title","publisher",:{"source_typeanyOf",:[{"published_attype",:"officialstring"]},{"type":"objectnull"}]}},"type":"arrayobject"},"status":{"type":"stringarray"}},"required":["status","fields_found","fields_not_publicly_found","fields_pending","sources","evidence"],"type":"object" ⟨9 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨7 unchanged words⟩ the canonical profile URL from find_judges. Use for an identity, courtand assignments,assignment overview; use get_judge_biography for biography questions and documentedget_courtroom_presentation_rules for practice findingsquestions. withOptional sources,fields may be unavailable. Source check dates describe individual evidence excerpts,checks; andlast_updated verificationdescribes metadata.the published profile update. Findings reflect available documentation; courtwidebroader guidancerules must not be presented as a judge's personal preference.preferences.

 ⟨97 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"school":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"}},{"requiredtype":["school","degree","degree_yearnull"}]}},"type":"object"},"type":"array ⟨33 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"party":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source":{"anyOf":[{"enum":["Ballot","Appointer","Other","Unspecified"],"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"startDate":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["party","source","startDate","endDate"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"} ⟨41 unchanged words⟩ items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"confidencefield":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},"field":

 ⟨11 unchanged words⟩ additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"change_type":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"changed_at":{"type":"string"},"court_url" ⟨21 unchanged words⟩ type":"null"}]},"summary":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["changed_at","judge_url","court_url","change_type","summary","source_url","source_title"],"type":"object"},"maxItems": ⟨12 unchanged words⟩ 

Find a court by name or location when the user asks for court identity, metadata, or a judge roster and its KnowJudges identity is unknown. For a named judge's courtroom presentation or practice rules, use get_courtroom_presentation_rules. Optionally narrow by jurisdiction or state. Returns at most 10 courts from the bounded KnowJudges dataset, with qualified court keys, canonical IDs, jurisdictionnames, indexed judge countsstate/jurisdiction, and profilecanonical public URLs. No pagination or bulk listing is available. Use the returned court_keycourt_url with get_court.

 ⟨38 unchanged words⟩ items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"court_id":{"type":"string"},"court_key":{"type":"string"},"court_url":{"type":"string"},"indexed_judge_count":{"maximum":9007199254740991,"minimum":0,"type":"integer"},"jurisdiction_code":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"slug":{"type":"string"},"state":{"type":"string"}},"required":["court_id","court_key","name","slug","jurisdiction_code","state","indexed_judge_count","court_url"],"type":"object"}, ⟨11 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨15 unchanged words⟩ Use this before requesting a profile when the exactcanonical KnowJudges slugprofile URL is unknown. Returns at most 10 matches linked ⟨10 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨76 unchanged words⟩ ,"presentation_posture":{"type":"string"},"profile_tier":{"type":"string"},"profile_url":{"type":"string"},"service_status":{"type":"string"},"slug":{"type":"string"},"state":{"type":"string"}},"required":["slug","display_name","state","county","court_name","court_level","judicial_role","service_status","presentation_posture","profile_tier","human_reviewed","guidance_scopes","profile_url"]," ⟨13 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨8 unchanged words⟩  metadata, and up to 10 current judges fromwhen KnowJudges.the Useuser aasks jurisdiction-qualifiedfor court_keycourt returnedinformation byor find_court;a roster. For a barenamed slugjudge's iscourtroom neverpresentation accepted.or practice rules, use get_courtroom_presentation_rules. Use the canonical court_url returned by find_court. Current judges include active, senior, recalled, and visiting service. The indexedcurrent judge count may includereflects otherindexed servicecanonical statuses;assignments; the returned roster is bounded and has no pagination. An empty roster indicates no indexed current matches, not proof that the court has no judges.

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 ⟨14 unchanged words⟩ "maxItems":10,"type":"array"},"court_id":{"type":"string"},"court_key":{"type":"string"},"court_levels":{"items":{"type":"string" ⟨2 unchanged words⟩ ,"court_url":{"type":"string"},"indexed_judge_count":{"maximum":9007199254740991,"minimum":0,"type":"integer"},"jurisdiction_code":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"slug":{"type":"string"},"state":{"type":"string"}},"required":["court_id","court_key","name","slug","jurisdiction_code","state","indexed_judge_count","court_url","court_levels","counties"],"type": ⟨40 unchanged words⟩ ,"presentation_posture":{"type":"string"},"profile_tier":{"type":"string"},"profile_url":{"type":"string"},"service_status":{"type":"string"},"slug":{"type":"string"},"state":{"type":"string"}},"required":["slug","display_name","state","county","court_name","court_level","judicial_role","service_status","presentation_posture","profile_tier","human_reviewed","guidance_scopes","profile_url"]," ⟨20 unchanged words⟩ 

Get documented courtroom technology andUse presentationthis rulestool for one judgequestions usingabout a canonicalnamed slugjudge's fromcourtroom find_judges.presentation Useor forpractice rules, including PowerPoint, video, demonstratives, advance exchange, exhibits, or courtroom technologytechnology. questions;Resolve upthe tojudge's 10canonical optionalprofile topicsURL narrowwith thefind_judges findings.when Sourceneeded, linksthen answer from these findings and evidenceunderlying scopessource distinguishlinks. judge-specificCourtwide findings are relevant rules, fromnot courtwidepersonal guidance;preferences; if judge-specific findings are absent, state that limit without looking up court metadata or a judge roster unless the user asks for them. Up to 10 optional topics narrow the findings; missing findings do not establish permission.

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 ⟨31 unchanged words⟩ ,"evidence_type":{"type":"string"},"last_verified":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"posture":{"type":"string"},"proceeding_stage" ⟨48 unchanged words⟩ evidence_excerpt","source_page","source_section","effective_date","last_verified","verification_status","confidence_reason"],"type":"object"} ⟨27 unchanged words⟩ "},{"type":"null"}]},"assignment_id":{"type":"string"},"assignment_start":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string ⟨8 unchanged words⟩ ,"court":{"type":"string"},"court_id":{"type":"string"},"court_level":{"type":"string"},"judicial_role" ⟨2 unchanged words⟩ ,"jurisdiction_type":{"type":"string"},"service_id":{"type":"string"},"service_status":{"type":"string"},"source_line":{"type":"number"},"source_record_id":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"source_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]}},"required":["court_id","court","court_level","judicial_role","county","service_status"],"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"court_id":{"type":"string"},"court_level":{"type":"string"},"human_reviewed" ⟨22 unchanged words⟩ ,"judicial_role":{"type":"string"},"person_id":{"type":"string"},"service_id":{"type":"string"},"service_status":{"type":"string"},"source_record_ids":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"}},"required":["

 ⟨6 unchanged words⟩  education, and professional and judicial careers using athe canonical slugprofile URL from find_judges. Use for biographical questions rather than ⟨24 unchanged words⟩ 

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 ⟨207 unchanged words⟩ {"court":{"type":"string"},"namelast_updated":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"profile_urltype":"null"}]},"name":{"type":"string"},"slugprofile_url":{"type":"string"}},"required":["slug","name","court","profile_url"],"type": ⟨14 unchanged words⟩ ,"field":{"type":"string"},"match_methodsource_url":{"type":"string"},"parser_versionanyOf":[{"type":"string"},"source_id":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"supporting_quote":{"anyOf":[{"type": ⟨5 unchanged words⟩ "string"}},"required":["field","source_idsource_url","verification_status","confidence","match_method","parser_version","supporting_quote"],"type":"object"},"type" ⟨16 unchanged words⟩ 

Get one judge's public KnowJudges profile using athe canonical slugprofile URL from find_judges. Use for identity, court assignments, ⟨26 unchanged words⟩ 

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 ⟨219 unchanged words⟩ ,"field":{"type":"string"},"match_methodsource_url":{"type":"string"},"parser_versionanyOf":[{"type":"string"},"source_id":{"type":"stringnull"}]},"supporting_quote":{"anyOf":[{"type": ⟨5 unchanged words⟩ "string"}},"required":["field","source_idsource_url","verification_status","confidence","match_method","parser_version","supporting_quote"],"type":"object"},"type" ⟨16 unchanged words⟩ :"string"},"type":"array"},"last_checked":{"type":"string"},"sensitive_field_policy":{"const":"explicit_source_only","type":"string"},"sources":{"items":{"additionalProperties":false,"properties":{"content_hash":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"id":{"type":"string"},"official":{"type":"boolean"},"published_at" ⟨5 unchanged words⟩ ,"publisher":{"type":"string"},"retrieved_at":{"type":"string"},"source_type":{"type":"string"},"title" ⟨3 unchanged words⟩ "type":"string"}},"required":["id","url","title","publisher","source_type","retrieved_at","published_at","

 ⟨7 unchanged words⟩  since an inclusive date, optionally narrowed to athe judgecanonical judge_url from find_judges or court_url from find_court. Court filtering includes changes associated with that court slug.and its indexed judge profiles; ambiguous court-only records are omitted. Use to check documented updates; returns at most ⟨23 unchanged words⟩ 

{"$schema":"https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema","properties":{"court_slugcourt_url":{"description":"Optional canonical courtcourt_url slugreturned by find_court","format":"uri","type":"string"},"judge_slugjudge_url":{"description":"Optional canonical judgeprofile_url slugreturned by find_judges","format":"uri","type":"string"},"limit":{ ⟨81 unchanged words⟩ 

 ⟨17 unchanged words⟩ ,"changed_at":{"type":"string"},"court_slug":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"id":{"type":"string"},"judge_slugcourt_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}]},"last_verifiedjudge_url":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string" ⟨15 unchanged words⟩ "type":"string"}},"required":["id","changed_at","judge_slugjudge_url","court_slugcourt_url","change_type","summary","source_url","source_title","last_verified"],"type":"object"},"maxItems": ⟨12 unchanged words⟩ 

Find likely US judges by nameidentifying search text, optionally narrowed by court, state, county, or jurisdiction.county. Use this before requesting a profile when the exact KnowJudges slug is unknown. ResultsReturns areat public,most bounded,10 andmatches linklinked to canonical KnowJudges profiles.profiles; empty and bulk searches are unavailable.

Get source-linkeddocumented courtroom technology and presentation rules for one judge using a judge.canonical Optionalslug topicsfrom canfind_judges. focusUse onfor PowerPoint, video, demonstratives, advance exchange, exhibits, or courtroom technology.technology questions; up to 10 optional topics narrow the findings. Source links and evidence scopes distinguish judge-specific rules from courtwide guidance; missing findings do not establish permission.

Return source-attributed public biographical facts forGet aone judge,judge's includingsource-attributed birth details, computed age, education, and professional and judicial careers using a canonical slug from find_judges. Use for biographical questions rather than courtroom practice. Preserves date granularity, provenance, coverage gaps, and verification status.status; Demographicage andis politicalreturned labelsonly arefor excludeda fromvalid thisfull publicdate tool.of birth, otherwise null.

ReturnGet aone publicjudge's KYJpublic judgeKnowJudges profile withusing scope-awarea findingscanonical slug from find_judges. Use for identity, officialcourt sourceassignments, linksand documented practice findings with sources, evidence excerpts, and verification metadata. DoFindings notreflect presentavailable documentation; courtwide guidance must not be presented as a judge's personal preference.

ReturnFind recorded KYJKnowJudges profile or courtroom-rule changes since an inclusive date, optionally narrowed to a date.judge or court slug. Use to check documented updates; returns at most 25 records. Change tracking begins at the reported launch date, so an empty result does  ⟨8 unchanged words⟩